Рафаэль (Раффаэлло Санти (Санцио)) (1483 - 1520), итальянский художник
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Raphael (Raffaello Sanzio), together with Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo, was one of the greatest artists of the late Renaissance.
Сын художника Джованни Санти и его жены Маджи ди Баттиста Чарла, маленький Рафаэль рано стал сопровождать отца ("живописца не слишком выдающегося", но "человека одарённого", по словам Вазари) в деловых поездках, а также часто бывать вместе с ним при дворе герцогов Монтефельтро в Урбино, ставшем при герцоге Федерико истинным очагом культуры и искусства.
Иными словами, Джованни Санти был не только хорошим отцом, но и учителем Рафаэля, познакомившим его с творчеством художников.
В 1494 году он отправил сына учеником к Перуджино.
He started work as a young man in the school of Perugino, a fresco of whom - "Presentation of the keys to St Peter" in the Sistine chapel - impressed him particularly for the perspective effect, which Raphael himself reproduced in his own style, in tne "Coronation of the Virgin" (1502-03) at the Vatican Museum, and in the "Wedding of the Virgin" {986}.
В 1505 написаны алтарные картины для монастыря Сант-Антонио - "Пала Колонна" - и для капеллы Ансидеи в Сан Фьоренцо деи Сервити.
В 1507 неожиданно получает заказ на алтарную картину в капеллу Деи церкви Санто Спирито.
В 1508 получает крупный заказ в Риме.
Raphael moved to Rome in 1509 to work for Pope Giulio II, frescoing the Signature Room (1508...11) with the famous "School of Athens", in which are portrayed according to the rules of classicism, the philosophers, as well as the Eliodoro Room (1511 - 14) in which he was helped by his pupils, among them Giulio Romano.
During the same period Raphael made the cartoons for the Sistine Chapel tapestries with the "Evangelic Scenes" (1515...16), he frescoed the Galatea Room (1511) and the Vatican Loggias (1517...19).
His pictures are characterized by a gentle and harmonious rhythm, enriched by the light and shade effects, like the "Dream of the Horseman", at the NGA in London, the "SS Michael and George", at the Louvre, the "Virgin of Granduca" {3575}, the "Belle Jardiniиre" {3577}, and the "Virgin of the Goldfinch" {1821}.
At Uffizi is also "St John the Baptist in the Desert" (in the Tribune), which he worked on with collaborators, with the well-shaped "bronze" body and strong expression.
Raphael's search for stylistic perfection can already be seen not only in the portrayal of the characters, but also and perhaps more so in the landscape and all aspects of the painting.
At the National Gallery of the Marches in Urbino is the 1507 work "La muta", while the "Lady with unicorn" can be seen at the Borghese Gallery in Rome, where there is also the famous "Transportation of Christ", painted in 1507, and noted as an example of perfect equilibrium in the positioning of the figures.
Его часто называли "мастером Мадонн".
He then continued to paint Madonnas, including the eastern style "Virgin of the chair" {3574}, and portraits ("The veiled woman" from 1516 at the Pitti Palace, and "Baldassar Castiglione" from 1514...15 at the Louvre).
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